solenoid valves  (Lee Company)

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Cerebellar acceleration of learning in an evidence-accumulation task

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117262

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) L7-Tsc1 mutant mice have reduced numbers of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. Scale bars, 100 μm. (B) Schematic of sagittal and coronal views of the cerebellum with quantification of Purkinje cell loss averaged over four L7-Tsc1 mutant mice at 5–6 months old for each cerebellar lobule, normalized to three wild-type littermates. (C) Kaplan-Meier estimator of probability of reaching the final level of task training for L7-Tsc1 mutant mice (log-rank test, ** p ≤ 0.01). Shaded areas in Kaplan-Meier curves represent 95% CIs. (D) Ternary plots for the composition of latent states with 95% confidence bands (shaded regions) around the compositional mean (open symbols) for L7-Tsc1 mutant mice and control mice (wild-type littermates). Each data point represents one mouse. The 95% confidence regions are based on an assumption of normality for compositions. Arrows indicate the shift from the average of the control group to the average of the L7-Tsc1 mutant mice. (E) Psychometric performance curves in mice who recently reached the final level show no detectable change in bias, slope, or lapse rate. Thick lines indicate averages; thin lines are data from individual animals. Data from all eight L7-Tsc1 mutant mice are included as well as 17 out of 23 control mice (six control animals did not reach the final version of the task). (F) Left: sensory sensitivity test with bilateral and unilateral whisker puffs in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Right: median number of blinks in response to puffs of different durations for L7-Tsc1 mutant mice ( n = 16) and wild-type littermates ( n = 7; two-way ANOVA, ** p ≤ 0.01). Shaded areas indicate the estimated SEM. (G) Increased salience through stronger puffs leads to enhanced learning (log-rank test, *** p ≤ 0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimator of task completion for animals receiving standard (10 psi, nine mice) or stronger (20 psi, nine mice) puffs. Shaded areas represent 95% CIs. (H) Ternary compositional plot of latent states with 95% confidence bands (shaded regions) around the compositional mean (open symbols) at middle levels of training. The arrow indicates the shift from the 10-psi average to the group receiving stronger airpuffs. (I) L7-Tsc1 mutant mice express an island of enhanced sensory reactivity and task focus amid a variety of impairments. Each dot represents an estimated effect size (Cohen’s d ) for the behavior of L7-Tsc1 mutant mice compared to their wild-type littermates. The thick circle indicates typical behavior (effect size 0). Results are based on data presented in this paper and from Tsai et al., Kloth et al., and Klibaite et al.

Article Snippet: Solenoid: standard two-way normally closed isolation valve , NResearch , Cat# 161T011.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Control, Whisker Assay